Structural diagenesis is an emerging interdisciplinary concept that integrates sedimentology and structural geology, focusing on the interplay between tectonic products and diagenetic alterations within tectonic settings. This paper, using the Tahe and Fuman Oilfields in the Tarim Basin as case studies, proposes innovative methodologies and concepts for the structural diagenesis of ultra-deep fault-controlled carbonate reservoirs. These proposals are based on a systematic review and synthesis of research findings accumulated over the past two decades. According to previous seismic and structural studies, integrated with well logging and geological data, this study clarifies the controlling effects of structure diagenesis on reservoir development and effectiveness within a fault-controlled setting. This is achieved by defining the characteristics of both faults and fault damage zones as distinct structural products. Faults exhibit transverse zonation and strike segmentation. Perpendicular to the fault strike, a fault damage zone develops with "core-damage zone" structure, primarily characterized by beaded seismic reflections. Parallel to the fault strike, segments are classified as releasing bend, restraining bend, and translation bend. The study area experienced multiple structural diagenesis, including cementation, dissolution and fracturing. Large-scale cave type reservoirs predominantly develop within the fault core, though partial cave filling reduces reservoir capacity. Transitioning into the surrounding damage zone, reservoirs become fracture-vug, vug, or fractured types. Within the wall rock, effective reservoirs are virtually absent. Dissolution and fracturing are the key factors for reservoir formation. Conversely, the cementation predominantly degrades reservoir quality. Cementation destroys pre-existing pore spaces and obstructs fluid pathways. Variations in the efficacy of dissolution and fracturing across different fault segments lead to distinct reservoir characteristics. Overall, releasing bend exhibits the most intense structure diagenesis modification, resulting in reservoirs with the largest scale and highest effectiveness. Restraining bend ranks second, while single fault yields the least favorable reservoirs.