The controllable D-T neutron source used in density logging while drilling can eliminate the use of chemical radiation sources. Although it has good applications in sedimentary rocks such as pure sandstone and limestone, it has large errors in complex mineral types such as shale and metamorphic rocks, which restricts the application of this technology. In view of the limitations of the existing D-T source density logging methods while drilling in complex lithological formation, this paper proposes a density correction model based on element content. Firstly, the influence laws of heavy elements such as aluminum and iron on the inelastic gamma response are analyzed through Monte Carlo simulation, the quantitative relationship between formation density and element content is established, and a classification correction algorithm is designed: Firstly, neutron transport correction is carried out based on the epithermal neutron count rate, and further combined with the energy spectrum inversion of the near-gamma detector to invert the content of aluminum and iron elements, and construct a multi-parameter compensation relationship. Simulation verification shows that the inelastic scattering cross-sections of heavy elements such as aluminum and iron in shale are significantly higher than those of common nuclides such as silicon and calcium, which affects the inelastic gamma count rate and is the main reason for the increase in density inversion error. The correction method proposed in this paper can reduce the average density error in shale from 0.1986 g/cm3 to 0.023 g/cm3, with a reduction of 88%, enabling it to meet the accuracy requirements of formation evaluation. This method provides a high-precision correction technology for the application of controllable source density logging while drilling in complex lithological formation, especially in formation containing heavy minerals such as bauxite and hematite.