Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) nanocrystalline seeds can significantly accelerate the growth of cement hydration products by virtue of nano size effect and crystal nucleus induction, and have excellent early strength properties. Dispersants need to be added in the seed preparation process to prevent the agglomeration of nanocrystalline seeds. The type of dispersants will significantly affect the particle size, morphology characteristics, dispersion stability and early strength of CSH, but the specific influence law is still unclear. In this work, we systematically explored the effect of polycarboxylate, sulfonated aldehyde ketone and sodium lignosulfonate dispersants with different structures on the structure property of CSH, and revealed the relationship between dispersants and early strength properties. The results show that the dense side chain structure of polycarboxylic acid can significantly reduce the particle size of CSH in the concentration range of 0.3-0.7wt% and induce CSH to form a foil like morphology through carboxyl coordination and steric hindrance; Sulfonated aldehydes and ketones form long foil CSH through intercalation, while the complex network structure of sodium lignosulfonate generates spherical CSH through sulfonic acid coordination and air entrainment effect. At the same time, the early strength of CSH is closely related to the morphology grafting effect. Due to the synergistic effect of high specific surface area and polycarboxylate, the 12h compressive strength of CSH polycarboxylate is increased by 108%, which is significantly better than that of CSH sulfonated aldehyde ketone (66%) and CSH lignosulfonate sodium (79%).