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水合物储层高泥质细粉砂筛管挡砂机制及控砂可行性评价试验
董长银,钟奕昕,武延鑫,周玉刚,曾思睿,闫切海
(中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东青岛 266580)
摘要:
利用机械筛管控砂效果综合模拟与评价试验装置,针对天然气水合物储层地质和生产条件开展系统的筛管和挡砂介质挡砂机制试验研究。根据储层地层砂筛析曲线确定模拟地层砂粒径分布和泥质含量得到高泥质细粉砂样品,根据储层预测的产气量和产水量确定气水流动试验条件。试验模拟径向流条件下的气水两相流动高泥质细粉砂的机械筛管挡砂和堵塞过程,以及单向流条件下的多层滤网微观挡砂过程,通过测量过砂量、驱替压差、流量及渗透率变化,系统评价复合精密筛管、微细割缝筛管、绕丝筛管等8种筛管和20、40及60 μm精度筛管的挡砂性能、抗堵塞性能、流通性能及综合性能。根据试验结果分析高泥质细粉砂对机械筛管的堵塞规律。结果表明:堵塞过程分为堵塞开始、堵塞加剧及堵塞平衡3个阶段,具体受筛管介质结构性能及流动条件控制;由于高泥质成分含量,筛管外表会形成稳定的泥皮层,渗透率约5 μm2,其气水流动条件下的流动阻力较低;对于多层滤网挡砂介质,滤网层数对于微观挡砂形态及效果有明显影响。试验结果揭示了天然气水合物储层筛管介质挡砂的气液携砂流动、筛管挡砂介质内部桥架堵塞、筛管外部空间的分选桥架堵塞以及筛管高渗透泥皮形成等4种机制。基于泥皮层的辅助挡砂和低渗流阻力特性,天然气水合物储层的高泥质含量细粉砂的有效控砂具有一定的可行性。
关键词:  天然气水合物  筛管控砂  介质堵塞规律  筛管挡砂机制  挡砂性能评价  微观挡砂试验
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2018.06.009
分类号::TE 358
文献标识码:A
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目 (51774307);国家重点研发计划课题 (2017YFC0307304)
Experimental study on sand retention mechanisms and feasibility evaluation of sand control for gas hydrate reservoirs with highly clayey fine sands
DONG Changyin, ZHONG Yixin, WU Yanxin, ZHOU Yugang, ZENG Sirui, YAN Qiehai
(School of Petroleum Engineering in China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China)
Abstract:
According to the geology and production characteristics of typical gas hydrate reservoirs, a series of sand control experiments was carried out on the sand retention mechanism and the sand control feasibility with screen and media samples. In the experiments, super fine sand samples with high clay content were prepared according to the actual size distribution and clay content obtained from the sieved formation sands. The gas and water flow rates were determined based on the predicted production rate of the actual gas hydrate reservoir. The sand retention and plugging process was simulated via radial and linear flow pattern of gas-liquid two phase flow, and the passed-sand mass, displacement pressure drop across the screen media, flow rate and media permeability were measured continually and in real-time. 8 types of sand control screen samples were tested, including compounded precision screen, micro-slotted linear screen and prepacked screen, with 3 precisions of 20,0 and 60 μm. The sand retention performance, anti-plugging ability and flow ability of all the screen samples were tested and evaluated to reveal the screen media plugging mechanism with the highly clayey super fine sands. The experimental results indicate that the sand displacement and plugging process can be divided into 3 steps the plugging startup, aggravation and stabilization, and the time duration and degree of each step is determined by the media structure and flow parameters. Due to the high clay content of the sands, a clay and sand skin can be formed on the surface of the sand control screen, with permeability of about 5 μm2. The experimental study reveals that various mechanisms can be involved in the sand control of the screens, including sand carrying of the gas-liquid flow, sand bridging inside the screen, sand separation bridging outside the screen and high-permeability clay and sand skin formed on the screen surface. Because of the low viscosity of the gas-liquid media, the flow resistance passing through this skin is not high. The low flow resistance and supplemental sand blocking function can make it possible and practicable to control the highly clayey super fine sands.
Key words:  gas hydrate reservoir  screen sand control  media plugging  screen sand retention mechanism  sand retention performance evaluation  microscopic sand retention test
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